| 翻訳と辞書 |
| HIV and men who have sex with men ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
HIV and men who have sex with men
Since reports of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) virus began to emerge in the United States in the 1980s, the HIV epidemic has frequently been linked to gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) by epidemiologists and medical professionals. The first official report on the virus was published by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) on June 5, 1981 and detailed the cases of five young gay men who were hospitalised with serious infections.〔CDC (1981, 5th June) 'Pheumocystis Pneumonia - Los Angeles', MMWR, Vol. 30 No. 21. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/june_5.htm〕 A month later, The New York Times reported that 41 homosexuals had been diagnosed with Kaposi’s Sarcoma, and eight had died less than 24 months after the diagnosis was made.〔The New York Times (1981, 3rd July) "Rare cancer seen in 41 homosexuals" http://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/03/us/rare-cancer-seen-in-41-homosexuals.html?&pagewanted=2〕 By 1982, the condition was referred to in the medical community as GRID (Gay-related immune deficiency), "gay cancer," and "gay compromise syndrome."〔Oswald, G.A, et al (1982) 'Attempted immune stimulation in the "gay compromise syndrome"'. BMJ, 1982 October 16; 285(6348): 1082.〕 It was not until July 1982 that AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) was suggested to replace GRID 〔Grmek, M.D. (1990) 'History of AIDS: Emergence and origin of a modern pandemic', New Jersey: Princeton University Press.〕 and it was not until September that the CDC first used the AIDS acronym in an official report.〔MMWR Weekly (1982) 'Current Trends Update on Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)- United States', September 24, 31(37); 507-508, 513-514.〕
It is now well-understood that HIV does not only affect the gay community but can also infect anybody, regardless of sex, ethnicity, or sexual orientation. However, HIV still severely affects MSM across the globe. MSM are only a small percentage of the U.S. population, but they are consistently the population group most affected by the HIV/AIDS virus and are the largest proportion of American citizens with an AIDS diagnosis who have died.〔Center for Disease Control. “HIV among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM)” (2010). Department of Health and Human Services.〕 The United Nations estimates that 2 to 20% of MSM are infected with HIV, depending on the region they live in.〔Men who have sex with men, HIV prevention and care” Geneva, November 2005. UNAIDS. http://data.unaids.org/pub/Report/2006/jc1233-msm-meetingreport_en.pdf〕
==MSM as a behavioral category==
(詳細はmale persons who engage in sexual activity with members of the same sex, regardless of how they personally identify themselves. Many men choose not to (or cannot for other reasons) accept sexual identities of homosexual or bisexual.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher= UNAIDS )〕 Similarly, the label excludes men who identify as gay or bisexual, but who have never had sex with another man, including many gay teenagers.
The terms MSM and women who have sex with women (WSW) have been used in medical scholarship since at least 1990.〔Young, Rebecca M. and Ilan H. Meyer. “The Trouble With “MSM” and "WSW”: Erasure of the Sexual-Minority Person in Public Health Discourse.” Am J Public Health. (2005) 95: 1144–1149.〕 But, the term has been attributed to Glick ''et al.'', because their usage in a 1994 study solidified the concept in medical terminology. MSM is often used in medical literature and social research to describe such men as a group for research studies without considering issues of self-identification because it offer better behavioral categories for the study of disease-risk than identity-based categories (such as "gay", "bisexual", or "straight"), because a man who self-identifies as gay or bisexual is not necessarily sexually active with men, and someone who identifies as straight might be sexually active with men.〔Young, Rebecca M. and Ilan H. Meyer. “The Trouble With “MSM” and “WSW”: Erasure of the Sexual-Minority Person in Public Health Discourse.” Am J Public Health. (2005) 95: 1144–1149.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「HIV and men who have sex with men」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|